Deep vein thrombosis, chronic vein insufficiency

1. Big picture

This topic is about venous outflow disease.

There are two main clinical patterns:

Disease	Core problem	Main danger
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)	Acute clot in deep veins, usually leg veins	Pulmonary embolism
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)	Chronic venous hypertension from reflux/obstruction/calf pump failure	Edema, skin changes, venous ulcer, post-thrombotic syndrome

Think clinically:

Unilateral painful swollen calf → DVT until proven otherwise
Chronic ankle edema + varicose veins + brown skin + medial malleolar ulcer → chronic venous insufficiency

1. Big picture

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